As traditionally used, one-time pads provide no message authentication, the lack of which can pose a security threat in real-world systems. For example, an attacker who knows that the message contains "meet jane and me tomorrow at three thirty pm" can derive the corresponding codes of the pad directly from the two known elements (the encrypted text and the known plaintext). The attacker can then replace that text by any other text of exactly the same length, such as "three thirty meeting is canceled, stay home". The attacker's knowledge of the one-time pad is limited to this byte length, which must be maintained for any other content of the message to remain valid. This is different from malleability[22] where the plaintext is not necessarily known. Without knowing the message, the attacker can also flip bits in a message sent with a one-time pad, without the recipient being able to detect it. Because of their similarities, attacks on one-time pads are similar to attacks on stream ciphers.[23]
When you use Microsoft Word, Google Docs, Apple Pages, Open Office, or any other word processing software, you generally use your mouse to select various style options, like line spacing, font size, font color, paragraph format etc. This kind of system is often describes as a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) interface. This means that the input (what you tell the computer) exactly matches the output (what the computer gives back to you). If you type the letter G, highlight it, select the color green and up the font size to 64 pt, your word processor will show you a fairly large green colored letter G. And if you print out that document you will print out a fairly large green colored letter G.
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SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for Arm 12 SP2 and later kernels have used a page size of 4K.This offers the widest compatibility also for small systems with little RAM,allowing to use Transparent Huge Pages (THP) where large pages make sense. 2ff7e9595c
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